Solidarity marches are also planned in Zambia, South Africa, the UK and US
Three women in Namibia are suing the state for allegedly being sterilised without their informed consent after being diagnosed as HIV positive.
The women say the doctors and nurses should have informed them properly about what was happening.
The rights group representing them, the Legal Assistance Centre, says it has documented 15 cases of alleged HIV sterilisation in hospitals since 2008.
A march in their support is taking place in Windhoek as the case begins.
The BBC's Frauke Jensen in the capital, Windhoek, says there will also be a sit-in protest at one of the hospitals where the alleged sterilisations took place.
'Equality for all'
The women want 1m Namibian dollars ($130,000, £90,000) in compensation from the health ministry.
So far the ministry has not commented on the case, our correspondent says.
The Legal Assistance Centre (LAC) says the High Court has granted that the women's identities should not be revealed as they fear "further discrimination and stigmatisation because of their HIV status".
"We want a health system based on human rights which promotes equality for all," the LAC's Amon Ngavetene told the BBC News website.
He explained that when HIV-positive women go to hospital they are sometimes, at the discretion of the doctors, advised to undergo a sterilisation operation.
Mr Ngavetene said these women are not always given a clear idea of what the procedure involves and dangerous pre-existing conditions are not always taken into account.
There may also be a language barrier in a country where there are 11 indigenous languages, he said.
As well as the march in Windhoek, other solidarity marches are planned on Tuesday in South Africa, Zambia, the UK and the US.
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