BBC News
The genetic code of the fungus that causes dandruff has been cracked by an international team of scientists.
They hope a detailed knowledge of the genome of Malassezia globosa could lead to more effective treatments which block its growth.
The fungus lives and feeds on human skin, causing the itching and flaking associated with the condition.
The study, led by the firm Proctor and Gamble, appears in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Dr Thomas Dawson
It is thought that about half the human population suffers from dandruff. Men tend to be more susceptible.
There are up to 10 million M. globosa fungi on the average human head.
The fungus, which is genetically related to yeast, feeds on sebum, the oily product produced by the sebaceous glands found in the skin.
Sebum acts to protect and waterproof hair and skin, and keep them from becoming dry, brittle and cracked.
It is made of fat and the debris of dead fat-producing cells.
M. globosa turned out to be one of the simplest organisms ever sequenced genetically by scientists, 300 times smaller than the human genome, with just 4,285 genes.
It has no ability to manufacture its own fatty acids, which are essential for life, and so relies on human sebum for its source.
Enzyme role
The latest research has revealed that the fungus causes dandruff by producing enzymes called lipases.
First, the fungus uses lipases to break down sebum, creating a compound called oleic acid.
This then penetrates the top layer of skin and triggers a faster turnover of skin cells than usual in susceptible people, resulting in dandruff.
The researchers found that the fungus produces a total of eight types of lipase, along with three phospholipases, which it uses to digest the oils from the scalp.
Each of these proteins could, they suggest, be a possible therapeutic target for new anti-dandruff preparations.
They also discovered that the fungus has the genetic potential to mate - although this has never been observed.
Researcher Dr Thomas Dawson said: "A complete genomic sequencing of a Malassezia genome opens tremendous opportunities for researchers to understand the interactions of fungi and humans."
Current medicated shampoos help to control fungal infections, but they are not 100% reliable.
It was only five years ago that scientists discovered that M. globosa was the cause of most cases of dandruff.
To decode the genome scientists grew ten litres of the fungus in a tank, and froze it in liquid nitrogen, before extracting its DNA, and smashing it up into tiny fragments.
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| "Earth, the only planet with free choice in the Milky Way Galaxy" |
“.. A
billion years ago, they (Pleiadians)
went through a change and they went through a shift, and they had free choice.
Back then, they were the only planet that did in their time, and eventually
they went through a metamorphosis of consciousness. ”
“.. So
again, we tell you that the ones who came to help seed you approximately 100,000
to 200,000 Earth years ago were the Pleiadians who had gone into graduate
status and who had changed consciousness. They had become quantum with free
choice, and you have parts of their DNA within you. ..”
“..You're
surrounded by divine beings who keep you safe and will continue while this
planet of only free choice – the only one at the moment – makes its decision.
You're turning the corner of consciousness and they all know it, for they've
all been through it and they remember it. Oh dear ones, consciousness is
volatile! You've seen it change so slowly, but it's about to change faster.
It's not going to take generations and generations as in the past. Instead,
you're going to see real-time changes. Humans won't wait to have children for
them to grow up and have children. ..”
"The Quantum Factor" – Apr 10, 2011 (Kryon channeled by Lee Carroll) (Subjects:
Galaxies, Universe, Intelligent design, Benevolent design, Aliens, Nikola Tesla
(Quantum energy), Inter-Planetary Travel, DNA, Genes, Stem Cells, Cells,
Rejuvenation, Shift of Human Consciousness, Spontaneous Remission, Religion,
Dictators, Africa, China, Nuclear Power, Sustainable Development, Animals,
Global Unity.. etc.) - (Text Version)
“.. In
time, the quantum factor will be discovered on this planet. When it is, it will
be highly controversial, and it's going to fly in the face of logic and 3D and
the way things work via the scientific method. The ramp-up to all this is
difficult. The old souls in front of me have signed on to work this new energy
and they've waded through lifetimes, just waiting for this. What would you do
as a scientist if the experiments before you had "a mind of their
own"? What would you think if magnetics, gravity and light could only be
assembled in a certain way that created healing and never a destructive
alignment? All this is going to redefine some of the basic forces in the
Universe. Intelligent design is only the first, and even today many astronomers
and physicists still think it's an anomaly.
That will
be the next largest discovery on the planet. It's been held back from you
because it takes a higher vibrating consciousness to create and understand it.
When any planet discovers a quantum energy and is able to use it, you could go
to that planet and know that you will meet high-consciousness entities. This
has never been given to you before that, for within the quantum factor contains
the secret of interplanetary travel using large, entangled states. There are
ways of doing things you never thought could happen. You can throw away your
rocket ships. You're on the edge of that.
..”
“… And so,
dear Human Being, you have the ability to start to return to an energy that you
thought you'd lost, where Human beings are allowed to live longer and it
doesn't destroy the environment. They don't overcrowd themselves because they
can control it through their minds instead of laws... and through wisdom.
Some day you'll meet the star seeds, your Pleiadian sisters and brothers. They're even here now, since they are quantum. You've got Pleiadian ancestors who live a very, very long time in a graduate situation in a planet that went through the test just like yours. And it developed a quantum factor. They have benevolence and they have quantum energy. That's how they get here instantly and return, and they'll never interrupt your free choice. That's also why they don't land and say hello. Instead, they sit and cheer on the sidelines for what you've finally done. They are waiting with you to celebrate the December solstice of 2012... the half way point of the 36 year shift you are in. …”
Some day you'll meet the star seeds, your Pleiadian sisters and brothers. They're even here now, since they are quantum. You've got Pleiadian ancestors who live a very, very long time in a graduate situation in a planet that went through the test just like yours. And it developed a quantum factor. They have benevolence and they have quantum energy. That's how they get here instantly and return, and they'll never interrupt your free choice. That's also why they don't land and say hello. Instead, they sit and cheer on the sidelines for what you've finally done. They are waiting with you to celebrate the December solstice of 2012... the half way point of the 36 year shift you are in. …”
The Key to Life is Balance
UFO's / ET's
One of the first of many UFO photographs taken by Carlos Diaz-Mexico.
The annual Perseid meteor shower
Google: The annual Perseid meteor shower is happening now in today’s doodle on our home page. (11 Aug 2014)
Tuesday, November 6, 2007
Genetic code of dandruff cracked
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